Resolutions, Emotions & Real Change

Change seems difficult, which should seem odd, if you think about it. You know what you want, you know what you need to do. You commit or resolve to get it done. And then – what happens?

New Scientist magazine begins an article on ways of stopping smoking with these words, “Hypnosis is the most effective way of giving up smoking, according to the largest ever scientific comparison of ways of breaking the habit. Willpower, it turns out, counts for very little” (Matthews, 1992). Willpower – a commitment of the rational faculties – is the normal way we try to make changes. That’s what New Year’s Resolutions are all about: Resolution.

Yet resolutions usually fail. Williams (2010) notes, “The first two weeks usually go along beautifully, but by February, people are backsliding and by the following December, most people are back where they started, often even further behind.”

The key is that emotion, not information, drives behavior. People generally know how to achieve typical resolutions like exercising, losing weight, stopping smoking, or getting out of debt. More information is not the key. In fact, in a meta-study of 381 studies involving 48 ways to beat alcohol dependence, Hester and Miller (2003, p. 19) found that providing education was the least successful of all approaches!

Take stopping smoking for example. Everyone knows smoking is bad for you (it even says so on every package sold). Telling a smoker, “You could get emphysema or lung cancer” is not new information. Moreover the solution is simple – just don’t do it. The behavior looks entirely voluntary. Smoking does not “happen” to anyone. You have to go to the store, spend money to buy cigarettes, carry them around with you, take them out, open the package, put one in your mouth, and light it. Everything about that looks volitional – and a rational solution is to simply say, “Just don’t do any one of those steps and you will stop smoking.” Yet smokers know it is not that simple, and neither are the other resolutions.

Why? Because even though the behavior looks voluntary it does not feel voluntary because it is driven by emotion. Miller and Rollnick (2002) note that people who are seeking to change are ambivalent. Think about it – people who want to make a change and just do it obviously have no struggle, and people who don’t care to make a change are not struggling either. People who want to make a change but have not done so are the people who make resolutions, and often fail.

One part of the problem is that at an emotional level the behavior provides some benefit. No one smokes to get cancer or overeats to become obese or diabetic. People smoke because they say it reduces stress (never mind that nicotine is a stimulant), and they eat because food tastes good. In other words, there are emotional benefits to maintaining comfortable habits – even ones that are killing you. That is the source of emotional ambivalence: my bad habit is both a problem (I think) and it feels good (emotionally).

Miller (himself a hypnotist, Miller & Rollnick, 2002, p. 172) has developed Motivational Interviewing as a powerful process to facilitate change. He writes:
“How is it that having a single session of motivational interviewing before beginning a course of outpatient or inpatient rehabilitation program can double a person’s chances of abstinence three months later? The person has learned no new coping skills or conditioned responses, and there have been no changes in the ‘actual’ external contingencies operating in the person’s life.” (“Competing Motivations,” Miller, 1998, para. 5)

In other words, the process is not about new information – but how does it work? “Whatever it is, it seems to involve a sudden shift in meaning… In another sense, it is as if the person steps outside the self for a moment, to see himself or herself from another perspective.” (“Competing Motivations,” Miller, 1998, para. 4)

Real change is not fundamentally about information, cognition, willpower, or resolution. Change is the result of a profound emotional shift in meaning. Hypnosis is a process for emotional change.

At Watermark, consultations are always free. We can work nationwide and worldwide via phone and video teleconference (for instance, Skype). For your free consultation or to ask a question, please contact us at http://watermarkcolumbia.com/contactx.html

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References

Hester, R.K. & Miller, W.R. (2003). Handbook of alcoholism treatment approaches (3rd ed). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Matthews, R. (1992). How one in five have given up smoking. New Scientist, 1845. Preview retrieved from http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13618450.700-how-one-in-five-have-given-up-smoking-.html

Miller, W. (1998). Toward a motivational definition and understanding of addiction. MI Nordic. Retrieved from http://www.motiverandesamtal.org/miwiki/Toward%20a%20Motivational%20Definition

Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.

Williams, R. B. (2010). Why new year’s resolutions fail. Psychology Today. Retrieved from: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201012/why-new-years-resolutions-fail

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Encore Presentation: Surrealism and the Subconscious Mind: Rapid Induction Hypnosis Demonstration on February 2, 2012

As a clinical hypnotist, and I see people with a variety of serious life issues. I help people lose weight and stop smoking, physical pain alleviation, and even address a wide variety of stress and mood related issues. More about that in upcoming blogs.

Now for something completely different: I’ve been invited to participate in the Surrealism and the Subconscious Mind art show on January 5 at the anastasia & FRIENDS art gallery here in Columbia, SC. This will be performance art – I will be doing very fast hypnosis with volunteers. I am phenomenally excited about this!

Rapid inductions move people into a hypnotic state very quickly, in 10 to 30 seconds. It is very different from the kind of hypnosis I do with clients, but it will be a lot of fun to watch. As I take people up and down through hypnotic states, I’ll be leading them through a variety of fun effects, including catalepsy, memory tricks, anesthesia, and hypnotic hallucination. It will be fun to participate, and to watch. Nothing will be embarrassing, and I won’t make anyone cluck like a chicken.

Hypnosis can be viewed in a variety of different ways. One approach is brain wave cycle. The electrical cycle of the human brain ranges from 20 cycles per second (hertz, Hz), which is full awake consciousness, to about 1.5 Hz, the lowest level of deep sleep (this cycle is what an EEG machine measures). Classical hypnosis is usually done at the Theta level of relaxation, or 4 to 9 Hz. As you know, from turning on and off lights, an electrical circuit can move very quickly – instantly for all practical purposes. Rapid induction hypnosis is designed to move someone from full wakefulness (perhaps 20 Hz) to Theta (9 Hz) in a split second, like turning a dimmer switch down rapidly.

Another way to look at hypnosis is through neuroimaging. Modern brain scans show which parts of the brain are engaged when different mental functions are in play. All mental processes can be traced to brain function (Kandel, 1998, Ray, 2004). Psychologists call your rational conscious mind (the little voice in your head that you think of as you) the executive function. The executive function is a largely carried out by prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe. Schjoedt and colleagues (2009) found a deactivation of the executive function in the prefrontal during hypnosis. This same effect occurs when you sleep (the voice in your head, and conscious awareness, fade away). Again, although people sometimes think it takes time to fall asleep, this transition can occur very quickly.

Rapid induction hypnosis is accomplished through a process known as transderivational search. Essentially a moment of social meaninglessness is created, and the suggestion to “sleep!” is given. Different people can be hypnotized by different means, and rapid induction is not the best approach for everyone – but I find it effective about 80% of the time. I do want to mention John Cerbone’s (2007) DVD of great rapid induction demonstrations. You can also see a couple of examples of me doing rapid fun hypnosis on Youtube: :

Again, this looks very different from work with clients, but the effects will be fun to see!

All these phenomena and more will be on display at the gallery show.

If you go:

anastasia & FRIENDS gallery at the Free Times building
1534 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29201
The Surreal Show
Thursday, January 5 from 6:00 to 9:00 p.m.

http://www.facebook.com/Anastasia.and.Friends

For great information on the Columbia, SC arts scene, check out Jasper magazine: http://jaspercolumbia.net

The Surreal Show Facebook event invite: http://www.facebook.com/events/340895845937036

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References

Cerbone, J. (2007). Speed trance: Instant hypnotic inductions for stage, street and clinical hypnosis [DVD Recording]. Tulsa, OK. Peachtree Professional Education, Inc.

Cojan, Y., Waber, L., Carruzzo, A., Vuilleumier, P. (2009). Motor inhibition in hysterical conversion paralysis. NeuroImage, 47, 1026–1037. Article: http://labnic.unige.ch/nic/papers/YC_LW_AC_PV_NI2009.pdf

Cojan, Y., Waber, L., Schwartz, S. Rossier, L., Foster, A., & Vuilleumier, P. (2009). The brain under self-control: Modulation of inhibitory and monitoring cortical networks during hypnotic paralysis. Neuron, 62, 862-875. Article: http://labnic.unige.ch/nic/papers/YC_SS_PV_NEURON2009.pdf

Kandel, E. R. (1998). A new intellectual framework for Psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(4), 457-469. Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9545989

Ray, O. (2004). How the mind hurts and heals the body. American Psychologist, 59(1), 29-40. Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14736318. Article: http://drfoust.net/how.pdf

Schjoedt, U., Stødkilde-Jørgensen, H., Geertz, A.W., Lund, T.E., & Roepstorff, A. (2009). The power of charisma – perceived charisma inhibits the frontal executive network of believers in intercessory prayer. Social Cognitive and Effective Neuroscience, 4, 199-207. Article: http://scan.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2010/03/12/scan.nsq023.full.pdf+html

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Duke Study: Reduce Heart Attacks by 74%

If I told you I could give you a pill that would reduce your risk of a heart attack by 74%, what would you say? How about if I told you that this pill has no negative side effects, you only need to take it once a week for four months, and it will reduce your risk of heart attack over the next five years by 74%?

Blumenthal and colleagues, in a Duke University study, found that a four month program of stress management reduced the risk of second heart attack by 74% for the five years following the stress management process.

Hypnosis is about stress relief. Physically the process involves relaxing down to a state on the edge of sleep – the dreamy drowsy place people think of as falling asleep. True deep sleep is defined as a brain wave cycle (as measured by an electroencephalograph or EEG) of 4 Hertz (Hz, cycles per second) or less; this is called Delta Sleep. That dreamy nodding off place on the edge of sleep is called Theta Relaxation. Theta is marked by a cycle of 9 to 4 Hz. Relaxation at that level engages the relaxation response and involves a significant lowering of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone. Classic clinical hypnosis involves helping someone relax to Theta, so the process naturally reduces physical stress.

The effect is more profound than that, though. Howard wrote, “People tell themselves stories that infuse certain parts of their lives and actions with great meaning and de-emphasize other aspects. But had any of them chosen to tell himself or herself a somewhat different story, the resulting pattern of more-meaningful and less-meaningful aspects of his or her life would have been quite different.” I’ll explore the implications of this later, but for now I’ll just say that hypnosis is a process of emotional reframing which allows you to feel differently about the circumstances in your life.

Blumenthal and his colleagues were writing about substantially reducing the risk of second heart attack, but it makes sense that the same stress reduction approach would reduce the risk not only of first heart attacks, but also of the wide variety of other physical problems stress causes. Hypnosis is a perfect process for getting this done.

I’ll leave you with a long quote from Ray. His article is not about psychological or mental issues – he is writing about actually reducing physical illness. His insights are intriguing:

“From the biopsychosocial perspective, the mind is one activity of the brain, and this activity of the brain is the body’s first line of defense against illness, against aging, against death, and for health and well-being. The concepts and facts I cover below are not ephemeral but are based in biochemistry, physiology, and neuroanatomy.
Several years ago, Norman Cousins used the phrase “belief becomes biology.” That is certainly true. We know that our beliefs influence the biology of our bodies. When an experience is psychological, not physical, it is all in the mind. However, because the mind is a part of the functioning brain, the body responds to the brain regardless of whether the beliefs and ideas are imaginary or based in reality, or whether they are positive or negative. What a person thinks does make a difference—sometimes it is good for him or her, sometimes it is bad.”

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Blumenthal, J. A., Jiang, W., Babyak, M. A., Krantz, D. S., Frid, D. J., Coleman, R. E, Waugh, R., Hanson, M., Appelbaum, M., O’Connor, C., & Morris, J. J. (1997). Stress management and exercise training in cardiac patients with myocardial ischemia. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157, 2213-2223. Abstract: http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/157/19/2213

Howard, G.S. (1989). A tale of two stories: Excursions into a narrative approach to psychology. Notre Dame, IN: Academic.

Ray, O. (2004). How the mind hurts and heals the body. American Psychologist, 59(1), 29-40. Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14736318. Article: http://drfoust.net/how.pdf

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Polar Cans & iPhone Billions

Coca-Cola is looking at ditching their snow-white holiday can campaign, which is part of a partnership designed to highlight the plight of polar bears from global warming. Why?

Negative customer reaction. It is not clear how much the cans have hurt sales, but clearly that has happened. Coke drinkers are confusing Coke and Diet Coke, and some think the Coke in the white cans tastes different from the Coke in the traditional red cans.

This really is not surprising. In 2008 Plassmann and colleagues conducted a study of how perceived price affected the expected pleasantness of wine. People enjoyed a $5 Cabernet Sauvignon more than a $90 Cab when they were told that the $5 rockgut cost $45 and that the $90 bottle was just $10. This was not just a subjective report of taste preference. Participants at this wine tasting were being monitored by fMRI bran scans. Plassmann found “increasing the price of a wine increases subjective reports of flavor pleasantness as well as blood-oxygen-level-dependent activity in medial orbitofrontal cortex,” the pleasure centers of the brain. It makes complete sense that changing the color of the Coke can would change the flavor of the cola, not just as a matter of subjective report, but at a brain level.

What’s in a name? In October Apple found the same effect cost them $13 Billion when the launch of the iPhone 4s – instead of the expected iPhone 5 – resulted in a 5% drop in Apple’s stock price. The perceived value of the 4s was less than the perceived value of the expected 5 would have been.

Money is not real. It is a measure of emotional desire. In a free market, price is based on the desire buyers and sellers have regarding a product. Moderating representations of expected pleasantness has everything to do with enjoyment and perceived value. And as Apple now knows, messing with perceived value can result in a $13 billion shift.

Neuroimaging studies have shown that “All mental processes, even the most complex psychological processes, derive from operations of the brain” (Kandel, 1998). Given this the tack of Psychiatry and the medical model of mental disorder has been change the brain change the mind. However, Plassmann’s Cab shows it works the other way as well, changing the mind changes the brain.

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A Frosty Reception for Coca-Cola’s White Christmas Cans http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204012004577070521211375302.html
Apple’s Stock Falls on iPhone Fail but It’s Still a Bargain http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-49042863/apples-stock-falls-on-iphone-fail-but-its-still-a-bargain/
Plassman, O’Doherty, Shiv, Rangel (2008) Marketing actions can modulate neural representations of experienced pleasantness http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2242704/
Kandel (1998) A new intellectual framework for Psychiatry http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?Volume=155&page=457&journalID=13

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Kicking off our Blog!

Emotions drive behavior! We’ve all had the experience of wanting to make a change, and not being able to do it?  Why not – the change makes sense to you, or you wouldn’t want to do it. So why can’t you just get it done? Where does the ambivalence come from, where part of me wants to do it and part of me does not?

That is really the key. There are different parts of me.  We think of ourselves as rational, but really we are pulled my many conflicting desires and motivations. Emotions are fundamentally irrational, so it is possible to feel conflicting things at the same time.  It is frustrating.

Hypnosis is a technique for engaging emotional change. This blog will be exploring that concept.

I’m the managing partner at Watermark. I am a nationally board certified hypnotherapist who has worked with hundreds of clients over the last eight years. I am also a certified hypnosis instructor who has trained dozens of people as professional hypnotists.

We work with people here in our offices and worldwide via Skype.  I am currently doing research on two books, I’ve spoken on neurological bases of hypnosis for the last couple of years at the National Guild of Hypnotists convention, and I’ll be sharing a bit of that in this blog.  You can also find out more by Liking us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/watermarkhypnosis

Welcome aboard!

Dr. Fredric Mau, D.Min., M.A., M.Div.

November 29, 2011

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